Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of joining a Assignment

Thoroughly analyze the favorable circumstances and drawbacks of joining an expert affiliation - Assignment Example rm, to voice and empathize, and to give offshoots an inclination that they are never alone in the obstacles opened by their calling as a rule (Kjellberg, 2013). Chances to find new methods, work choices, among others, are extremely valuable preferences to bunch individuals (Kjellberg, 2013). The burdens, then again, of joining these associations are unnecessary charges, expends a great deal of time, unnecessary costs, mingling removes the consideration from vocation improvement and furthermore they make a ton of strain to accomplish profoundly among its individuals (Harvey et al., 2003). Most expert associations need the repayment of yearly expenses. There may likewise be the primary application charge (Kjellberg, 2013). While $100 doesn't have all the earmarks of being a lot, it collects when the people joins the national and state relationship of various expert associations (Harvey, 2004). Aside from the enrollment charges and applications, individuals additionally burn through cash on affiliation snacks, morning meals and suppers and gas costs or transportation costs (Harvey, 2004). As indicated by these favorable circumstances and hindrances of having a place with an expert association, I would pick to join an expert association since I need access to the data, which will impact my training. I additionally need individuals who will advocate for me before others and individuals who will create me expertly, consequently my choice to join an expert

Ozone Essays - Gases, Greenhouse Gases, Ultraviolet Radiation

Ozone Ozone gets from the greek word ozein which intends to smell. It was first found in 1839 by Christian Friedrick Schonbein who saw it in light of its particular bitter smell. He found this at the College of Basel in Switzerland. Ozone is only oxygen, however not the type we breath. Ozone, O3 has three mixes while oxygen has just two. Ozone is reac-tive, which means it doesn't remain still, and needs to return to its unique state, with two mixes, O2. This is the reason ozone is hurtful. Ozone consistently needs to relinquish its third compound, and if this compound responds with different substances, it could be harming, particularly to people. While talking about with the ozone layer, one should know the four significant climate levels on earth. The troposphere which is among zero and fifteen kilometers in elevation and has gum based paint ture ranges from two hundred to 200 ninety kelvins. The second is the stratosphere which ranges from fifteen to approxi-mately fifty kilometers in elevation furthermore, has temperature ranges from 200 to 200 fifty kelvins. The third level in the environment is mesosphere. This level extents from fifty to eighty-five kilometers in height and has temperature ranges between one hundred eighty and 200 fifty kelvins. At long last, the thermosphere is the last level in the air. It's range is eighty-five to one hundred forty kilometers and furthermore temperatures as high as 400 sixty kelvins. Society has been broadly tended to with the numerous issues that we are having in our condition today. A significant issue is that of CFCs. CFC represents Chlorofluorocarbons which are found in a large number of the vaporized shower jars. In December of 1973, Rowland and Molina found that CFCs can annihilate the ozone in the stratosphere. In June 1975, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) sued the Purchasers Product Safety Commission for a band of CFCs utilized in vaporized splash jars. US's fifth biggest producers of airborne splashes declared that they will decrease the measure of CFCs utilized in there items. Be that as it may, as things began to show signs of improvement, The Consumer Product Safety Commission dismissed NRDC's claim in July expressing that there was lacking proof towards the measure of damage the CFCs were doing to the ozone layer. On September 1976, a report was discharged which re-upheld Rowland and Molina's speculation, yet additionally expressed that the administer ment activity on CFC guidelines ought to be delayed. This report additionally expressed that the CFCs can start climatic changes and add to the warming of the world's climate, i.e., the nursery impact. May 1977, a few government offices declared joint intends to restrict, be that as it may, not wipe out employments of CFCs in vaporized shower jars. Be that as it may, on February of the next year, the administration chose to delay the guidelines on CFCs utilized in refrigeration, cooling, solvents, and other mechanical procedures. With all the new guidelines taking effect and being delayed, nothing was getting cultivated, however at long last, on October 1978, pressurized canned products where prohibited in the United States. August of 1981, satellite pictures indicated that more than one percent of the ozone was lost because of CFCs. At that point, in October of 1984, investigate gatherings discovered a 40% loss of ozone over Antarctica. In August of 1985, satellite photographs affirmed the presence of an ozone gap over Antarctica. Despite the fact that many were attempting to decrease the measure of CFCs in their items, there were still some out there who needed to make the quick buck. February 1988, three US congresspersons asked Du Pont to quit making CFCs yet the executive denied the mentioned. After three weeks, the director consents to ease assembling of synthetic compounds, yet just when substitutes were accessible. Eight of every a million of the broadly dispersed particles are ozone in our environment - this is what is liable for the ascending of temperature. Ozone takes in ultra-violet beams when they originate from the sun and changes over the radiation to warmth and synthetic vitality. The ozone layer additionally seals earth from the huge numbers of the other incredible radiation beams that the sun gives off. Parting of oxygen particles relies on the extraordinary radiation, subsequently, the best ozone creation is over the tropics. The ozone is risky to us on the grounds that is causes numerous kinds of skin malignant growth, for example, dangerous melanoma- - a fatal malignant growth which makes demise forty percent of every single recorded instance of malignant growth. Numerous individuals foresee that the ozone layer would cause thirty thousand skin malignant growths just in the United States alone, and more than 500,000 around the world. Malignant growth, however, is as it were one of

A Latino Christmas

A Latino Christmas Yesterday was a big day for the news media, what with the automotive bailout drama, Obama appointments, riots in Greece, and hackers installing Linux on a potato. But last night in Next House, a very different kind of heraldry was underway. This story begins on November 24, when a group of Latino students paraded through the halls of the dorm playing accordion and singing various indeterminate tunes. Next House traditionally being one of the more conservative halls on campus, people started asking questions about the spontaneous parade. The next day Roberto 12, who has since given himself the nickname el Che, sent the following to the dorm email list: Apparently a lot of people are curious/furious about the parade yesterday, so actually we were celebrating the national latino appreciation day, which since yesterday is declared to be celebrated every year in the night of the 24th of November(remember remember the 24th of November) it is designed to raise Latino pride in Next House and was designed by the executive committee of the Next Association of Latinos Giving Intense Satisfaccion (N.A.L.G.I.S)(3rd Floor Elevator Suite). btw the latino association does not appreciate someone describing a Latino pride celebration as people acting weird. I laughed out loud when I read it, and knowing that more stress-breaking hilarity would ensue I asked to join.* Since I already posses a Spanish nickname (a must-have for recognition as a member) I was immediately accepted as a full comrade of NALGIS with all rights and responsibilities thereof. Fast forward to last night. NALGIS (whose name has been changed since creation) leadership had sent out songs to learn and had bought Santa hats and candies. It was time for a second parade, more organized, bigger than before, and with preselected music. Ron 12 had learned all the Christmas carols on trumpet and I learned some of them on harmonica. We met at about 10:00pm to practice, which ended up just being introductions because it was the first time we had met as a group. On the strike of 11:00, with no rehearsal under our belts, we decided it was time to get the show on the road. We started our off-key parade throughout every wing of every floor of Next House, singing such classics as Feliz Navidad (of course), Silent Night, Jingle Bells, O Christmas Tree, and We Wish You a Merry Christmas. After all the stair climbing, walking, awkward stares, and singing, we werent tired, so we did it all again, every wing of every floor, this time singing The 12 Days of Christmas, passing out candy along the way. Looking back, little of the parade had to do with Latino culture, but I dont think NALGIS was ever more than an excuse to have fun. Ill let the pictures [mostly] speak for themselves. An awesome way to end the semester. Outside NALGIS world headquarters. Before starting. Photo credit: Caesar 12. Before starting. Credit: Caesar. Olay 09 and Will 11 leading the mv?tley crv ºe. Serenading a special someone. Roberto el Che 12 trying to instruct his subjects between songs. Credit: Caesar. Roberto el Che 12 instructing his subjects between songs. Credit: Will 11. We saw this face many times on many people that night. Meredith 12, Will 11, and Steve 12. My film camera a.k.a. the reason why this is my first post with pictures actually taken by me. In other news, I still have no idea what is going on with the weather. Two days ago it was 15F and sunny, and parts of the Charles had frozen over; today it is 60F and drizzling, and the river has thawed. It is December. In Boston. Also, it snowed in Houston. It was 60F here. Yeah. I give up. Credit: My friend Avneesh, UofH 12.*Apparently I am a mix of about five different nationalities. Prefrosh have sent me messages with As a fellow Irani or because I too am Indian or Since your name is Arab Well, no one has been correct so far, and I want to confuse you even more, so I will let this entry stand on its own without any mention of whether or not I am part Latino. **Update: Nexts House Director Marc Lo has officially thanked us for putting on the parade! Dear N.A.L.G.I.S., Thank you for spreading the holiday cheer last night and bringing even more spirit to Next House! Best, Marc

The Guide - R K Narayan Review - 2441 Words

R. K. Narayan: The Guide: A Study Guide (1958) [pic] [pic] R[asipuram] K[rishnaswamy] Narayan (1906-2001) is unusual among Indian authors writing in English in that he has stayed contentedly in his home country, venturing abroad only rarely. He rarely addresses political issues or tries to explore the cutting edge of fiction. He is a traditional teller of tales, a creator of realist fiction which is often gentle, humorous, and warm rather than hard-hitting or profound. Almost all of his writings are set in the fictional city of Malgudi, and are narrowly focused on the lives of relatively humble individuals, neither extremely poor nor very rich. The Guideis one of his most interesting books, which begins as a comic look at the life of a†¦show more content†¦The fact that he never heard the end of the story about Devaka may foreshadow the end of his own story. Devaka was the grandfather of the god Krishna on his mothers side. Transmigration means reincarnation, another life. How useful is Rajus message to Velan? [pic] Chapter Two We now return to Rajus childhood. Recitation aloud is the traditional method of education. What kind of school does he attend? Jaggery is a brown crystalline sweetener made from the sap of the kitul palm. Raju interrupts the story of his education to return to Velan. A partition suit would be a lawsuit involving property lost in the division (partition) of India at independence, when Pakistan was created out of the northern regions. Marriage with cousins is not uncommon. Almost all weddings are planned with the advice of astrologers. Why does he gain such a reputation as wise man ( yogi )? A great soul is a mahatma, the title given to Mohandas K. Gandhi. What do you think are Rajus real motives for seeking isolation and quiet? Note Rajus fear that Velan might suppose that he didnt need food. In fact in the last and holiest stage of a Hindu mystics life he should voluntarily starve to death. Temples are everywhere in India; it is not at all implausible that someone should show up and announce himself as priest of an abandoned one. There is no formal priesthood, no systematic way to become a holy man: one merely earns the respect and veneration ofShow MoreRelatedR.K.Narayan and Swami an d Friends7399 Words   |  30 PagesREVIEW though the flavor of the SEASON is buzzing with Harry Potter Mania, still I am glued up reading R.K. Narayan’s First Novel â€Å"Swami and friends† (which was published in 1935) so enthusiastically Even my parents were not born at that time, but theINNOCENCE that I find in this book makes is itrefreshingly different from what we have nowadays. Yes, as I kid I too loved to read about magic, mystery, adventures, and detective stuff. There are plenty of books which can take u totallyRead MoreThe Ramayan A Shortened Modern Prose Version Of The Indian Epic1573 Words   |  7 PagesProse Version of the Indian Epic. R. K. Narayan The Ramayana is an epic poem that many Hindus consider to be scripture. The original version was written in Sanskrit by Valmiki. The Ramayana has been retold many times throughout the years and has been translated in many languages. The English version is based on the version in the Tamil language of South India which was written by Kamban. In 1972, Indian Novelist R.K. Narayan published this version. In this review I will define dharma, connect theRead MoreIndo Anglian Literature3627 Words   |  15 Pagesfor Indian English writing, Writers Workshop. R.K. Narayan is a writer who contributed over many decades and who continued to write till his death recently. He was discovered by Graham Greene in the sense that the latter helped him find a publisher in England. Graham Greene and Narayan remained close friends till the end. Similar to Thomas Hardys Wessex, Narayan created the fictitious town of Malgudi where he set his novels. Some criticise Narayan for the parochial, detached and closed world thatRead MoreHealthy Choices5227 Words   |  21 Pagesor excessively high fertility may have a substantial impact on household income and may even make the difference between being above and being below the poverty line. Furthermore, ill-health is often associated with substantial health care costs (Narayan et al, 2000). But poverty and low income also cause ill-health (Pritchett et al, 1996). Poor countries and poor people within countries, suffer from multiplicity of deprivations that translate into high levels of ill-health. Poor countr ies are thusRead MoreWomen in Raja Raos Kanthapura5333 Words   |  22 PagesTowards a Limited Emancipation: Women in Raja Rao s } Kanthapura S E N A T H W . P E R E RA Kanthapura thus far have focussed for the most part on the manner in which the novel characterizes the Indian renaissance under Gandhis leadership. The approaches taken by M . K. Naik and K. S. Ramamurti are typical in this regard. Naik declares, in Dimensions of Indian English Literature, that WIU IS UD T E ^ D NE A N T E RK O F Raja Raos Kanthapura ( 1 9 3 8 ) is easily the finest evocation ofRead MoreReflective Report On My Team And I Successfully Completed For New Zealand Innovation Council2820 Words   |  12 Pages BCIS Project REFLECTIVE REPORT By ABHISHEK DUBEY 1135246 Supervisors Dr. Jacqueline Whalley-Ogier Prof. Ajit Narayan Table of Contents Abstract 3 Acknowledgement 4 Introduction 5 Project Evaluation 7 Link between theory and practice 12 Personal and professional development 14 Summary 16 References 17 Abstract This report shows my reflection on the final year BCIS project that my team and I successfully completed for New Zealand InnovationRead More Transcultural Nursing Essay4449 Words   |  18 Pagesholistic nursing practice (Barnes et al. 2000). This absence might lead to unsafe nursing care and both dissatisfied patients and professionals (Curren, 2006 cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp.159-160). To promote transcultural nursing care, Narayan (2001) felt that there are four crucial attitudes to assume - caring, empathy, openness and flexibility. This shows the patients a cultural understanding, appreciation, consideration and willingness from health care professionals that are based onRead MoreOccupational Stress: Causes and Management11211 Words   |  45 Pagesor as a result of workplace conditions being unfavorable. Aims and objectives The aim of this project is to review evidence available on occupational stress and how it can be monitored scientifically. It will also help to create an understanding of occupational stress and its effects in order to create solutions for monitoring and decreasing workplace stress. The project will review studies that have been conducted on sources of workplace stress, its effects and how organizations can introduceRead MoreSchool and Home Factors Influence the Education of Children4177 Words   |  17 Pagesprovider, therefore, teachers should have a wide range of skills in their teaching repertoire, including ‘questioning, listening, reinforcing, reacting, summarizing and leadership’ (McCrorie, 2006, p. 8) that enable them to create a curriculum that guides students to a path of success. †¢ Sometimes teachers also act as a mentor, tutor or personal adviser to the students. They teach students from different traditions and customs as the students come from different backgrounds, they need to understandRead MoreConsumer Buying Behaviour of Magazines7993 Words   |  32 PagesAcknowledgement I hereby take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to the persons who made this project successful and possible. I would like to thank Amity Business School, for providing me an opportunity to take this project work and to my guide Dr. Vandana Mathur, under whose supervision and guidance whole of the project has been completed. I would like to thank Ms. Shivi Bhasin as she found me credible enough to work for Outlook (India) Pvt. Ltd. and selected me for a challenging project

The Media And Its Impact On Society Essay - 1721 Words

Jim Morrison, an american song writer, singer and poet, once said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have becoming one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect on that is the fact that the media is very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media is expected to be educational. Public opinion relies on upon learning about what is happening in the nation and the world. The media furnishes the public with this learning through an assortment of means: radio, print news coverage, television and the Internet. Hence, the media makes national legislative issues conceivable. Without mass media, hopefuls would just have the capacity to keep running at the nearby level, where they could discuss actually with the electorate. Media makes it feasible for voters to acclimate themselves with competitors and stages notwithstanding when they are far away. Individuals require news/information for different reasons, on one hand it can be utilized to mingle and on the other to settle on choices and define opinions. Excitement would be the other capacity of the mass media where it is generally utilized by the masses to interest them in present day chaotic environment. Teaching the masses about their rights, good, socialShow MoreRelatedT he Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have become one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most Americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect of that is the fact that the media are very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media are expected to be educational.Read MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1678 Words   |  7 Pages When you are young you don t realize that what you are watching on the television is shaping many of your beliefs, distorting what is fictional and what is reality. The media plays a huge role in stereotyping black people compared to white people which has a major impact in how we view the people in our world. When we are watching tv or listening to the radio and it is constantly relating the color of a person s skin to their actions. This causes the audience to associate these actions with aRead MoreThe Impact of Media on Society853 Words   |  3 PagesHow much of an impact does the media have on your life? 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The media can be credited for improvements in these sectors today as it engages the public to have an opinion of our on-going evolvements by releasing daily reports on such topics. In terms of charitable aid the media has greatly developed our awareness with a nature that influences us to feel sympathy for those less fortunateRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society16 96 Words   |  7 Pages Media has an impact on many of the population’s everyday life. It comes to no surprise that the media is closely related with body imaging. There are thousands of advertisements out in the media that depict images of beauty and physical attractiveness which are unrealistic. The masses see these images and think that they are achievable thus lowering the self-esteem of many. Many of these commercials and advertisements fall under the category of the following: weight loss, clothing, cosmetics andRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesMedia has been growing for a numerous amount of years, and it will only keep rising. You could say that nearly everyone around you has some sort of technological device or way in which they can access the media, these are what we call print, audio visual and on-line media. Print media includes things such as newspapers, magazines and even books, Audio visual media includes your TV, radio or even music and finally on-line media is mostly photos or videos that are spread over the internet. With theRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society1853 Words   |  8 Pages In twenty first century, media is unavoidable in society. Every human being is exposed to countless media images, advertisements, magazines, TV shows in their everyday lives. Media is everywhere, it’s hard to avoid and there’s no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has a cell phone, internet connection, or a television. If not, billboard signs, magazines, and store advertisements are everywhere in society. Media is designed to advertise, entertain, giving informationRead MoreThe Impact Of The Media On Society1787 Words   |  8 PagesThe media is a major part of modern society today and holds immense powers over multiple organisations, it has the ability to influence opinions of society through its many channels which include â€Å"†¦ every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax and internet† (Business Dictionary, 2017). One of the greatest aspec ts of society that the media has power over are sporting organisations and the athletes that are associated

Concealed Carry on College Campuses Free Essays

The debate concerning the laws of concealed carry on college campuses has been going strong since the Virginia Tech tragedy on April 16, 2007. Concealed carry should be allowed on college campuses. On one side, people oppose the right of concealed carry on campus stating reasons such as this one presented by Concealed Campus, â€Å"It’s unlikely that allowing concealed carry on college campuses could help prevent a Virginia Tech-style massacre because most college students are too young to obtain a concealed handgun license,† (Common). We will write a custom essay sample on Concealed Carry on College Campuses or any similar topic only for you Order Now That statement is incorrect and quite misleading. Nineteen of the thirty-two victims of the Virginia Tech tragedy were of or over the age of twenty-one† which is the minimum age to receive a concealed weapons permit in most states (Common). Another common argument against concealed carry on campuses is, â€Å"Life on college campuses often involves some drug use and alcohol consumption that could impair the judgment of a law-abiding gun owner,† posted by The Warrior (Umpir). However, each state that gives concealed weapons permits has laws prohibiting license holders from carrying while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Anyone who knows anything about guns would know this. Allowing concealed carry on college campuses should not only be allowed, but encouraged. Between 2001 and 2003 there were 10,472 cases of aggravated assaults on campuses across the US as presented by the U. S. Department of Education (Criminal). These large numbers could very well be prevented in the future if concealed carry is allowed on college campuses. Part of American citizens’ civil rights, as guaranteed by the US Constitution in the second amendment, is to keep and bear arms. The second amendment stating â€Å"As passed by the Congress: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † This has been a long standing principle and all states have laws for concealed weapons, some stricter than others, but all in some way may advocate for it. The National Conference of State Legislatures posted in August 2012, â€Å"Recent court cases have also overturned some †¦ system wide bans of concealed carry on state college and university campuses. In March 2012, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that the University of Colorado’s policy banning guns from campus violates the state’s concealed carry law, and in 2011 the Oregon Court of Appeals overturned the Oregon University System’s ban of guns on campuses †¦ it was ruled that state law dictates only the legislature can regulate the use, sale and possession of firearms†¦,† (Guns). This supports the arguments for concealed carry on campus by showing the Supreme Court’s support for long standing laws. Concealed carry on campus would do well for the common good. In having a concealed weapon, others may become uneasy. However, if the lisecense holder is responsible and caring, they could actually make others feel at ease knowing that a responsible US citizen could protect them in an emergency. To advocate for my position, I have joined the group â€Å"Students for Concealed Carry† at www. Concealedcampus. com. The group has given me the information to write to my state elected officials to encourage concealed weapons on college campuses, which I have done. Works Cited â€Å"Common Arguments Agaisnt Campus Carry. † Concealed Campus. Students for Concealed Carry, 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://concealedcampus. rg/common-arguments/. â€Å"Criminal Offensess – Aggravated Assault. † Ed. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www2. ed. gov/admins/lead/safety/crime/criminaloffenses/edlite-assault. html. â€Å"Guns on Campus. † NCSL. National Conference of State Legislatures, Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. ncsl. org/issues-research/educ/guns-on-campus-o verview. aspx. Umpir, Evan. â€Å"Against Concealed Carry on Campus. † The Warrior. N. p. , 03 Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. thewarrior. org/2011/11/03/against-concealed-carry-on-campus/. How to cite Concealed Carry on College Campuses, Essay examples

Helping the Needy free essay sample

According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, in February of 2010, the number of homeless living in shelters in the suburbs increased from 23% to 32% (Sanders, Adam). With the increase in homelessness and poverty it brings more need for donations to shelters, for clothing and food but in July of 2006 The City of Orlando passed a law which made it illegal for any group to distribute food to homeless citizens in public parks and anyone who wants to give food to groups larger than twenty-five people in parks within two miles have to get a permit. The permits will come from the parks department and will only be handed out to each group twice a year. Now, not only are the homeless in need of food but now by law groups can’t give away food (Orlando: Please Do Not Feed the Homeless). Even though now that this â€Å"do not feed the homeless† law has passed and it makes it harder for the homeless to get food from non-profit groups, it could be for a good purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Helping the Needy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The law came about from business owners in the Downtown Orlando area who complained that the homeless people who gathered for weekly meals in the nearby Lake Eola Park caused sanitary and safety problems for their businesses (The Associated Press). Downtown Orlando is attempting to attract many tourist and locals looking for a prime place to hang out and go to have nice dinners/lunches and the sad truth is that when large groups of homeless people gather in the same area that the nice businesses are turns away customers which inevitably will cause issues. This law doesn’t mean that the homeless won’t get fed but it just means that it will be harder for the homeless to get to the food that is being given out. The law states that to use a park for the purposes of giving out food to the homeless you must have a permit and these permits are only given to each group for each park twice a year which will force the groups to go to different parks (Schlueb, Mark. Judge). This will keep the number of homeless people from sleeping on the same benches and washing their clothes in the same restrooms constantly and give the joggers and dog walkers of the parks their privacy as well. But what about the charitable organizations, where do they stand in all of this? In 2008 The American Civil Liberties of Florida won the case of First Vagabonds Church of God vs. City of Orlando. This case was based on the fact that the church felt like government was going against their constitutional rights to free speech, free assembly, free association and freedom of religion so they took it to court. The judge stated: Rather than address the problem of homelessness in these downtown neighborhoods directly, the City has instead decided to limit the expressive activity which attracts the homeless to these neighborhoods Although some incidental restrictions on First Amendment freedoms must be tolerated, the Court concludes that the restriction here goes too far. This case ended with the judge saying that the groups should be allowed to do what they want through their religious groups (Federal Judge Strikes Down Orlando). Even though in 2011 it was voted unanimously by federal court that by not feeding the homeless in parks didn’t go against any constitutional rights (Schlueb, Mark. Appeals). In my opinion it does have a feel of going against the right of assembly. Why shouldn’t people be allowed to gather in a public area?

Dragons Essays - Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Health, Neuroscience

Dragons How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep? But, sleep doesn't come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaley's, The Sleep Book, (1974), the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone (p. 9). They also claim, An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if they'd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs can't fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but can't stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savary's, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it won't come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didn't sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep and woke up frequently throughout the night. Dr. Allan Rechtschaffen states in Linde and Savary's The Sleep Book, (1974) Insomniacs spend less time in REM sleep than normal sleepers (p. 110). REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep is the final stage of sleep reached in a normal sleep cycle. To better understand this cycle of sleep scientists have used an electroencephalogram to measure brain waves during sleep. A normal sleep cycle consists of five distinct stages with paradoxical, or REM stage being the final stage. REM sleep is what is commonly known as deep sleep. There are many other causes of Insomnia such as the many environmental causes said by Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978). Hartmann states, any loud noise or sounds that can irritate or aggravate can disrupt a persons sleep (p. 116). When trying to sleep, the littlest things can bother someone's sleep whether hearing the bathroom water faucet dripping or even the heater coming on during the night. All these things can keep a person up all night when they are suffering from insomnia. He also claims, there is a condition sometimes called 'habit insomnia' (p. 116). Habit insomnia is when something caused the insomnia in the past so when the sufferer associates it into habit. For example, when the see the bed that they have difficulty sleeping on, they condition themselves to think that they can't sleep because of the bed, therefore they don't sleep. In Mendelson's Human Sleep and It's Disorders, (1977) Incidence of insomnia was found by doing a sampling of 1,645 persons and it was found that 14% of those tested had trouble getting to sleep, (Karacan, et. al., 1973). The results tended to be higher for women than men and as age increased. Tiller, studied 83 healthy

Quads and Squads

Quads and Squads Quads and Squads Quads and Squads By Mark Nichol A family of words ultimately derived from the Latin noun quadrus, meaning â€Å"a square,† pertain one way or the other to the number four. Here are those words, more or less common in English usage, and their definitions. The most versatile, and most ubiquitous, of these terms is square, which refers to a shape with four equal sides and right angles; an area, structure, or formation in the shape of a square; a tool used to lay out or test right angles; the product of a number multiplied by itself; a conventional person; a meal as one of three traditional full meals served or eaten in the course of a day; an adjective meaning â€Å"fair† or â€Å"honest,† or â€Å"old-fashioned†; an adverb pertaining to those senses; and a verb meaning â€Å"cut square,† â€Å"regulate,† or â€Å"accord.† The other words, and their definitions, follow: escadrille: a unit of French aircraft equivalent to a squadron quadrangle: an enclosure surrounded by buildings, or the building itself, or an area represented by one of a set of maps (abbreviated quad); also, synonymous with quadrilateral quadrant: one quarter of a circle or other regular or nearly regular shape; also, a device for measuring altitude quadraphonic: pertaining to four channels of sound quadrat: a rectangular plot of land specified for study quadrate: square or almost square; a specific type of cross in heraldry; a bone in the skull of birds and lizards; an adjective meaning â€Å"square† or â€Å"nearly square†; also, another word for quadratus (see below) quadratic: referring to the use of squaring, or raising to the second power, in mathematics quadratus: any of various roughly quadrilateral muscles quadrennial: lasting four years or occurring every four years quadricentennial: a four-hundred-year anniversary quadriceps: a set of four leg muscles quadrifid: divided into four parts (said of leaves, for example) quadrilateral: a four-sided figure, including but not limited to squares and rectangles quadrille: a square dance or a music for the dance; also, an equestrian exhibition involving four riders or groups of riders quadrillion: the number represented with the numeral 1,000,000,000,000 quadripartite: consisting of four parts or shared by four parties quadriplegic: a person paralyzed in all four limbs quadrivium: the educational disciplines of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music, which were taught after the trivium of grammar, logic, and rhetoric; the two groups constitute the classical seven liberal arts quadroon: a person who is one-fourth black quadruped: a four-legged animal quadruple: increased fourfold, or consisting of four components, or, as a noun, something that is quadruple quadruplet: one of four offspring born as a result of one pregnancy, or a combination of four of a kind quadruplex: consisting of four parts, such as a four-unit apartment building; also, a telegraphic system allowing two messages to be sent simultaneously in each direction quadruplicate: multiply by four, or consisting of four parts quod: British English slang for prison, perhaps from quadrangle, derived from the shape of a typical prison squad: a unit of military personnel or athletes, or a group of people with a specific task squadron: a unit of aircraft, of cavalry, or of navy vessels Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

From poe to pole Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

From poe to pole - Assignment Example They are exposed to extremely low temperatures and darkness throughout the winter period but they still survive after the season is over. When I first saw the conditions these animals are exposed to I could not believe that they can sustain their lives for four months. As a human, I am aware that warmth and food are critical conditions for survival. However, the documentary has opened my eyes to appreciate the fact that humans are made different from wild animals. Humans have access to shelter and can change their lifestyles according to changing seasons. For instance, all the animals migrate when winter starts but the emperor penguin and the polar bears live behind (BBC 1). The most important observation is that seasons influence animal behaviour tremendously because animals strive for survival. For instance, the emperor penguins are constantly standing during the winter season. It was astonishing and I forced myself to do some research on the penguin’s behaviour. I discovered that standing on their feet reduces their area of contact with ice to minimal levels and enables them preserve the little body heat that they have. In fact, it was surprising to note that they incubate eggs during the winter season. The other interesting point relates to the existence of the Amur leopard that leaves in the forests of eastern Russia. They are forty in number and are considered to be the rarest cat in the world. According to the narrator, the rare existence of the Amur leopard "symbolises the fragility of our natural heritage" (BBC 1). It is interesting  to have  the narrator connect the existence of animals to the impact of nature on wildlife. The most valued things in life are rare to be found and difficult to get. Our national heritage consists of our values and our environment. However, the world has been experiencing environmental degradation with the increase in human as well as animal population. However, humans are the biggest cause of the fragility of natural

UNICEF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNICEF - Essay Example focuses its programs on: Child Survival and Development; Basic Education and Gender Equality; HIV/ AIDS and Children; Child Protection; and, Policy Advocacy and Partnerships. With the cooperation of its world wide partners and members, including governments and non-government agencies, it is able to implement its programs for children all over the world. This being so, it has 191 country based offices and innumerable chapters. Chapters or groups can be organized with the purpose of furthering the UNICEF goals and primarily act as fund raisers. Generally, there are no requirements for membership. In fact, one can just sign in at the UNICEF Website (www.unicef.org) and become a member. But some chapters require additional requirements to ensure that its members understand the goals of the organization. The University of Pennsylvania for one requires a person to attend five meetings before he is allowed to join their UNICEF Chapter. The University of Houston allows immediate membership provided that one pays the $10.00 annual fee forming part of their fund to be turned over to the UNICEF. Donations for the continued support of UNICEF Programs can be directly sent to any UNICEF Office. Membership is important. It allows you to give donations to help fund UNICEF programs. It also helps in showing support to UNICEF and its programs. Your show of support and being counted as a member gives power to UNICEF and for what it stands for. As a member one can avail of the overflowing gratitude and smiles of children that have benefitted and continue to benefit from UNICEF Programs which you can view at the UNICEF Website. These are far more valuable than money. It brings so much happiness and joy to each member. For me it truly out-weights gold. UNICEF has been engaged in so many successful projects. Out of these so many projects, one that I really appreciate and give support to is the â€Å"Unite for Children, Unite for Aids† program. This program initiated

The Case Of Shimla Tourism Essay

The Case Of Shimla Tourism Essay Shimla, the former summer capital of colonial India and present capital of Himachal Pradesh, is one of the most picturesque hill stations of North India. Apart from being the administrative headquarters of the state it is a famous and an attractive tourist in large numbers every year. It is also an entry pint to various other tourist resorts and recreational centers in the upper region of Himachal Pradesh, thus a convenient stop-over for tourists. The journey of Shimla from a serene hill station to a bustling city as an over exploited tourist destination has been gradual and not a sudden outburst. Its a place where things have definitely gone wrong when it comes to sustainability. 3.1 Growth as a Tourist destination The growth of Shimla is organic expanding from a village to a town and now a city. http://www.google.co.in/url?source=imglandingct=imgq=http://entirekingdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/shimla-city.jpgsa=Xei=ayOtUKzXMdGt0AG93YCABAved=0CAoQ8wc4Twusg=AFQjCNEWb6Gec0PTY-FtYYtu6cxPcD0PTg Tourist activities are concentrated along the core of the British town that is the Mall, Cart Road and Lakar Bazaar. The over developed southern side of Shimla Source: http://entirekingdom.com The man made activities have influenced mainly the southern slope Shimla since the northern slope receives no sunlight. It is difficult to find any open space or undeveloped site on the southern slope. There has been extensive cutting of hill slopes. Himachal Pradesh received a total of 151 lakh tourists in 2011 out of which 20% was contributed by Shimla, the highest for any Himachal destination. The growth rate for tourists in Shimla has been 7% recently. Source: http://www.kpmg.com/IN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ThoughtLeadership/Tourism-in-himachal-pradesh.pdf 3.2 Impact of Tourism on the Natural and Built Environment The southern slope of Shimla has been almost entirely built over, as a result the original pattern of slopes have completely disappeared. At places slope instability has been caused due to poor drainage facility of the area. Analysis of the slope reveal that in order to obtain maximum advantage of the sun, buildings have come down in steps, even in areas where the slope is more thanb the normally permissible limits. (Beyond 36 degree are considered unsuitable). Some of the buildings are in dilapidated conditions because of the lack of maintenance and use of poor construction material than due to slope failure. Another impact of mass tourism is the crash on the local society. It has changed the structure of society itself by favoring certain groups of the population that are able to interact with the tourists and provide services to them. As more and more tourists came in, the development of tourist and infrastructure facilities has disturbed the mountain eco-system. The damages of alterations in some of these areas have started to look like the places that a visitor wanted to escape. Excessive water consumption and ill management of the resource has led to a major water crisis. Loss of identity and culture. The Britishers left a legacy of red sloping roofs behind which gave the town its character. The modern constructions are flat roofs unresponsive to the climate and identity both. Over intensive urbanization. Illegal buildings have cropped up everywhere. The traffic due to tourists and the overcrowding has disturbed the locals daily life and system. Overload of infrastructure (e.g. Car parking, roads, buildings, water supply) Changes in the urban fabric. New architectural styles which are at ties not responsive to site and climate and also the general image of the town. Spectacular views blocked by ugly concrete structures. 3.3 Identification of issues After analyzing the impacts and statistical data, the following issues were identified with respect to construction, planning and architecture of the place. Haphazard development of tourist infrastructure causing architectural pollution and degrading the ecology of the place as well. Earlier buildings were not more than two to three storey high, but now due to less land available we can see buildings as high as six to seven storey high. This exerts massive pressure on the soil and causes visual blockades which are aesthetically displeasing. Due to increasing tourist influx in the town, there is a need for more tourist infrastructure and to accommodate slopes more than 36Â °, which are considered unbuildable, are being cut down causing severe land and soil erosion. Moreover hills are being cut down in the hill station giving way to an ugly concrete jungle. Irregular checks and insufficient guidelines for development of tourist infrastructure and construction activities. The government and tourism bodies have aimed for growth in tourism but have only recently imbibed sustainable growth of tourism in its policies and that too non seriously. 3.4 Conclusions and suggestions Shimla is endowed with immense potent as a place of tourist attraction, besides being a gateway to other parts of Himachal Pradesh. It requires special consideration in conservation of ecological order. There are certain spots, which are environmentally rich and need conservation. Many of the problems, which make tourism unsustainable, relate to the fact that many principles fundamental to sustainable tourism are not acknowledged. They have not been adopted in the conception, planning, design and development of tourism facilities in Shimla. A well managed, slow paced, controlled, integrated tourism development is the option. A set of guidelines and suitable approach scheme needs to be drafted and implemented that calls for sustainable progress of tourism.(Parmar, 2003, p. 50) Sustainable forms of tourism like ecotourism should be promoted to encourage lessening the ecological damage being done. The primary objective of sustainable tourism strategy should be to promote planning, design and construction of all tourist infrastructure and buildings that are environmentally friendly, do not spoil the character of the place, help integrate social and cultural aspects to it. In fact one of the most imperative issues in sustainable growth of tourism resources is the contemplation and expansion of design and building standards in order to reach an optimum use of energy, water and land resources. This will result in efficient management for preserving the natural and built attractions in tourism industry. Regarding the socio-cultural aspect, Shimla has lost its identity especially when it comes to architecture. The buildings should be symbolic of the rich legacy Shimla has or reflect the culture and traditions of the locals. As of now the post-British construction is merely concrete with climatically and site unresponsive features and structure. In Shimla, things would not have reached such a drastic situation had there been an effective land use plan which controlled the tourist developments and demarcated boundaries for such development. Buildings that have low environment impact throughout their life cycle should be promoted. Infact the norms should govern that. Importantly they should respond to the climate and context. Also the buildings meant for tourists should have high satisfaction levels and provide meaningful experience to tourists. The idea of sustainable tourism should be clear so that awareness spreads among the community and tourists both.(Khaksar, p. 37)

A Comparison between Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Vladimir Paral’s Essay

Fyodor Dostoevsky’s classic, Crime and Punishment, and Vladimir Paral’s Lovers and Murderers describe a world of murder, dejection and profound human unhappiness. The two authors explore moral abjection and the destiny of mankind, as ruled by lust, jealousy and immoral instincts. As it shall be seen however, the two novels differ considerably in the way in which they treat the subject of crime, as well as in their point of view and the tone of the narrative. Thus, Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is centered on the idea of moral ambiguity. The Russian author uses an omniscient point of view in order to recount Rodyon Raskolnikov’s experiences before and after he commits the murder. The tone of the narrative is serious and meditative, as questions of morality and justice are interspersed throughout the events and dialogues in the novel. Vladimir Paral’s Lovers and Murderers treats the theme of murder in conjunction with that of love. The narrative enters a world full of promiscuity and violence, focusing on a great number of characters and the interactions among them. Unlike Dostoevsky’s book that focuses on the portrait and experiences of the main character, Paral’s work is concerned with the plurality of voices. Moreover, the point of view shifts frequently from the omniscient narrator to the first person narrative, sometimes within the same phrase. Lovers and Murderers is a grotesque mosaic, with a discontinuous narrative and a satiric tone. While Dostoevsky’s work raises questions of morality and social justice, Paral’s novel represents the spectacle of human life with resignation. There is no ethical conclusion to Paral’s analysis of human life and character: he chooses to describe the dynamic of humanity in its bleakest and most ironic aspects. For Dostoevsky, human life is also full of coincidences and accidents. Although, the limit between right and wrong is relative, ultimately, the novel emphasizes the belief in punishment and redemption. In Paral’s novel, there is no clear delimitation between innocence and guilt: the characters are all fanatics, consumed by passions, jealousy and greedy cravings. Significantly, love and violence intermingle throughout the novel, marking the majority of the relationships among different characters. Paral shows therefore that human interaction is never completely innocent: people devour and are devoured sadistically by destructive relationships. Instead of ending in union and harmony, each affair ends in destruction and crime. In Crime and Punishment there is the possibility of salvation and the triumph of love. Lovers and Murderers shows murder to be the companion of love, with no possibility for moral cleansing. Both novels therefore analyze morality in the context of the dynamics of society, emphasizing the interactions among different characters but with different conclusions. Sin and morality are seen as paradoxes in Dostoevsky’s work, but, ultimately sins can be redeemed after having been committed. Paral’s novel illuminates the tableau of human relationships and the relativity of moral principles very differently: all the characters are fallen men and women, who abuse or are abused by others. Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is concerned primarily with moral paradoxes, exemplified through the stories of various characters. The central story, that of Raskolnikov, is paradoxical. The protagonist is an extremely poor student, who struggles with his enormous debts to his landlady and with constant hunger and misery. A proud and noble character, Raskolnikov is tormented by his unjust and humiliating social standing. Despite his intelligence, he lives poorly and is constantly besieged by material concerns. As the novel opens, Raskolnikov has already developed the philosophy that would lead him to murder: he muses that there are superior men who should be able to punish others for their sins. Interestingly therefore, the murder is intended as a punishment of the mean pawnbroker, in the name of social justice. The first part of the novel captures Raskolnikov’s inner tension as he struggles to discern right from wrong. There follows the critical moment of the actual, double murder and afterwards his punishment and final redemption. The cyclical nature of his experience is symbolic: Dostoevsky points here to the paradoxes of morality. Raskolnikov’s act of murder is in itself meant as a punishment and may seem right in its context. To enhance the ambiguity however, Dostoevsky arranges for a double murder: the circumstances force the protagonist to kill Lizaveta as well, the pawnbroker’s innocent sister. The novel offers yet other instances of moral ambiguity, such as the saintly and innocent Sonia who is forced to become a prostitute in order to earn money and save her hungered family: â€Å"And then I saw, young man, I saw Katerina Ivanovna, in the same silence go up to Sonia’s little bed; she was on her knees all the evening kissing Sonia’s feet, and would not get up, and then they both fell asleep in each other’s arms †¦ together, together†¦ yes †¦ and I †¦ lay drunk† (Dostoevsky 30). Her mother in law, who had previously maltreated her, is now grateful and reverent towards the girl. Sacrifice and generosity are therefore accepted and appreciated in the novel. Her father, Marmeladov, is another example of moral equivocalness: a hopeless drunk, he is a good man who loves his family yet cannot conquer his own vice in order to save them. Marmeladov’s employer also acts generously, although he does so in vain: he offers him his job back, despite his dependence on alcohol, out of pity for his family. Throughout the novel, morality is questioned, but there is sufficient evidence of the existence of good alongside with evil. The ambiguity that Crime and Punishment describes is one of form rather than substance. In Paral’s Lovers and Murderers morality is permanently mixed with sin. Women and men, coming from the dregs of society as well as from its highest ranks, live in utter disorder and promiscuity. Innocence and guilt are neither relative nor circumstantial. Significantly, the book is divided in numerous fragments bearing two alternative titles: â€Å"Conquerors† and â€Å"Besieged†. In Paral’s vision, the world is not divided in right and wrong, but rather in abusers and abused. These basic roles are moreover easily interchangeable. The relationships seemed to be weighed on a scale, which always tips in favor of one of the partners. The relationship between Alex Serafin and Dasa is a relevant example: Alex conquers and even enslaves the rich woman but he is eventually rejected by the same woman that seemed totally dependent on him. The world of the inhabitants of building 2000 is devoid of moral principles and reasoning. The men and women are driven only by impulses of self-gratification. Their affairs are violent and each partner, either abused or abusive, derives selfish pleasure from the communion. Love is rapacious, lustful and possessive: â€Å"Love is prey and everyone longs for his own destruction – let’s not want them to expose the necks themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Paral 187). If Raskolnikov’s world is marked by sin and punishment, Paral’s characters pursue their own pleasure and interests without having to pay for their deeds. Raskolnikov murders the two women in his pursuit of justice, without deriving any personal gain from the deed, despite having found a considerable fortune in the ladies’ flat. In Paral’s novel, murder is only perpetrated as a crime of passion. In the case of Borek and Zita, murder is even gratuitous. The comparison between their story and that of Julien Sorel and Madame de Renal in Stendhal’s Red and Black, is extremely significant. While in Stendhal’s morality is extensively explored, Borek and Zita’s affair is devoid of any compunctions of guilt despite the fact that Zita is a married woman. The line between love and murder is very thin: one of the partners is always the hunter who chases his victim. The moment when Borek finally conquers Zita and possesses her body is very relevant. The man feels that, instead of loving thoughts he develops murderous ones, without being able to discern between the two categories anymore: â€Å"I realized I was standing there like a murderer, insane because as a murderer I could not act otherwise, even though I had come as a lover, like a murderer or a lover, insane because I no longer saw any difference† (Paral 188). If Crime and Punishment discusses moral ambiguity, Lovers and Murderers comments on the ambiguity of love and murder. Sexuality is always mixed with sadism and violence in Paral’s novel, so as to emphasize the fact that love is in fact abusive and possessive rather than disciplined and saintly. Marriage itself is a failure in the novel. An early scene in the novel points to the ultimate moral degradation of the characters. Thus, the poor working woman Madda pays a visit to Frank in his rich and sumptuous apartment. When he asks her to put on a wedding dress as part of the ritual of lovemaking, the woman muses on her previous sexual degradation: â€Å"†¦and you don’t have to apologize for madman anything, my earlier lovers wouldn’t even take my clothes off, or even their own, a white wedding dress to church; I’ve made love with the dirty strap of contemptible overalls between our bodies† (Paral 32). Ironically however, her romantic hopes are bitterly deceived by her heartless partner. Instead of offering the wedding dress as a symbol for love and purity, he uses it as part of a humiliating trick: when Madda is dressed and kneeling before him, Frank’s wife enters the room and it becomes clear that the woman was only used as amusement by the rich couple. In Paral’s world the beautiful dreams disintegrate very fast. Lovers and Murderers shows that moral choices and principles have to be settled among people and thus no intention or action is definitely pure. Raskolnikov acts in the name of a higher principles, which he sees as commanding: â€Å"I didn’t kill a human being, but a principle! I killed the principle, but I didn’t overstep, I stopped on this side†¦. I was only capable of killing† (Dostoevsky 389). Raving with a guilty conscience, Raskolnikov tries to convince himself of the moral justifications of his deed. He didn’t kill another human being, his violence was directed solely against an erroneous principle. Besides Raskolnikov, the novel abounds in generous characters. For instance, Dounia, Raskolnikov’s sister is willing to sacrifice her own happiness in a marriage she does not desire, in order to help her family. When the same Dounia is accused of trying to attract her employer and make him commit adultery, she escapes by her own generosity and nobility. Moreover, it is the employer’s wife that actually mends the girl’s reputation after having marred it, by showing the proof of her innocence to the world. There is no redemption and generosity in Paral’s novel. The characters act upon their personal interests, without considering each others’ feelings. The life that the characters lead is the life of a jungle, where there are no rules other than personal survival and gratification: â€Å"They live only for the fulfillment of their eternal appetites: like animals running free in a jungle. For pleasure alone: like the courtiers of Louis XV† (Paral 164). People are not concerned with judgments of value and with ethical principles. Paral introduces his readers to the psychological jungle of humanity, where people follow only their instincts. In Crime and Punishment, on the other hand, Dostoevsky explores sin and crime from a religious and ethical perspective. As critic Alfred Bem notes, Dostoevsky proceeds from the idea of a feeling of the original sin present in all minds: â€Å"To understand Dostoevsky’s thought one must allow for the presence in the human psyche of a feeling of sinfulness as such, independent of the existence of any concrete crime–what we might call the feeling of original sin. †¦ We can assume, then, that the feeling of sin, of guilt can be present in the psyche unaccompanied by any consciousness of crime† (Bem 59). Hence comes the moral ambiguity of the characters: however saintly in their morality and character, they can succumb to sin because the seed is already planted in the human psyche. Paral’s world is also dominated by sinfulness, but, in this case, the characters lose their nobility. They are all fallen, abject people, who live by their instincts rather than by principles. Moreover, Raskolnikov performs an experiment more than an actual murder. He wants to apply his philosophical theory to reality and see its effects. Dostoevsky captures here the essence of humanity and its inherent rejection of murder. Ultimately, Raskolnikov is unable to commit his crime in complete cold bloodedness, despite the solidness of his arguments and theory: â€Å"Perhaps no work of literature presents so graphically a man testing and living, psychologically and even physiologically, a theory. Raskol’nikov’s theory, it will be remembered, is that crime is accompanied by sickness, by a loss of willpower and self-control, unless it is committed for sufficient reason by an ‘extraordinary man,’ in which case it is ‘no crime. ’† (Shaw 142). It is not so with Paral’s murderers: they virtually live in a jungle, where, besides instincts and passions, there is only pathos without real substance. The point of view and the tone chosen by the two authors are also relevant. Raskolnikov’s story is told objectively, from an omniscient perspective. This narrative technique does not obscure the character’s inner turmoil, however. Dostoevsky pairs his omniscience with indirect speech, a device which helps to reveal the hero’s thoughts and emotions. Raskolnikov often speaks to himself and, in this way, Dostoevsky gives us access to his unmediated reflections. For instance, he muses on his motivation for committing the murder, wavering between the feeling of guilty and the excuse he finds for his behavior: â€Å"I am putting my little brick into the happiness of all and so my heart is at peace. Ha-ha! Why have you let me slip? I only live once, I too want†¦. Ech, I am an ? sthetic louse and nothing more,’ he added suddenly, laughing like a† (Dostoevsky 389). Raskolnikov is indeed a criminal and an aesthete at the same time. While his crime is horrendous, his purpose gives it meaning to a certain extent. As Julian Connolly remarks, the way in which Dostoevsky decided to use the point of view in the novel is very significant: â€Å"Dostoyevsky had originally intended to write an account of murder from the perspective of the murderer himself. As he worked on the project in November 1865, however, he concluded that such a perspective might be too limited, so he chose an omniscient, third-person narrative mode instead. Yet traces of the original design remain: much of the novel offers direct insight into Raskolnikov’s impressions and experiences. † (Connolly 144). Thus, the author’s decision to mingle omniscience and first person narrative shows that he was preoccupied to investigate the moral dimension of his characters as well as the psychological one. His technique ultimately merges psychology with philosophy. In Paral’s case, the frequent shifts of viewpoint, allow for a curious exploration of the stories from the inside and outside simultaneously. Moreover, Paral’s story is told fragmentarily, with an alternation of voices and points of view. The narrative shifts from the author to an interior monologue of one of the characters without warning, in the course of the same phrase. This provides readers with marks as to actual events and also to the thoughts of the characters at the same time. The novel features a great number of different narrative voices, as each of the characters introduced is also given a monologue. This technique enhances the novel’s mosaic structure and its grotesqueness. The characters’ interior monologues moreover show them to be egoistical and impulsive. Most of their speeches are delirious and self-centered. The tones of the two works also differ and influence the reader’s perception of the stories. Dostoevsky’s tone is serious and restrained, focusing on the events, the psychology of the main character and the numerous implications of the experiences described. Paral, on the other hand, uses irony, black humor and pathos is order to describe the events in his book. Lovers and Murderers is therefore written as a black comedy, transmitting the author purpose of satirizing humanity in its pettiness and abjection. The two novels deal with the common themes of murder and punishment, but do so in very different ways. Crime and Punishment investigates ethical, religious and psychological consequences of a crime, with an emphasis of humans’ liability to sin and moral ambiguity in the context of a society. Lovers and Murderers, on the other hand, emphasizes the human world as a grotesque spectacle, driven by the uncontrolled instincts and petty interests of men. Dostoevsky’s work analyzes and questions, while Paral’s observes and mocks. Works Cited: Alfred L. Bem, â€Å"Guilt in Crime and Punishment. † Readings on Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Ed. Tamara Johnson. Trans. Robert Louis Jackson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. 58 64. Connolly, Julian. â€Å"An Overview of ‘Crime and Punishment’. † Exploring Novels. Gale, 1998. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. New York: Vintage Classics, 2008. Paral, Vladimir. Lovers and Murderers. Trans. Craig Stephen Stevens. New York: Catbird Press, 2002. Shaw, J. Thomas. â€Å"Raskol’nikov’s Dreams. † Slavic and East European Journal 17, no. 2 (1973): 131-45.

Critical Lens for “Romeo and Juliet” and “Of Mice and Men” Essay

Duff Brenna once said, â€Å"All literature shows us the power of emotion. It is emotion, not reason that motivates characters in literature.† To me, this quote means that it is emotion that causes characters to make decisions, not reason. I agree with this quote because characters in literature do what they feel is right at the time, not what they feel is logically right. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet and John Steinbeck’s novella Of mice and Men, the characters demonstrate how emotion can overpower reason. In Romeo and Juliet, this statement is proven right. As the characters make decisions based on emotion, many literary elements are intertwined by William Shakespeare. Conflict is not only a literary element but also is a theme that is used throughout the whole playwright. For example, the passion of hate causes the Capulets and Montagues to constantly fight and feud. This External conflict interferes with Romeo and Juliet’s love and causes them not to tell their parents about their marriage. They have to constantly meet in secret and them not being able to see each other causes more major conflicts. For example, they feel so deeply for each other that they feel that they cannot live without the other. These strong emotions lead to many misunderstandings and eventually the death of the two â€Å"star crossed lovers†. If Romeo and Juliet were thinking within reason, they would have told their parents about their love and possibly may not have committed suicide. The death of Mercutio also causes problems between the characters. When Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo feels vengeance and anger towards Tybalt. If Romeo would have been thinking realistically, he would have told Prince Escalus about the killing and Tybalt would have gotten in trouble. Instead, Romeo makes a rash decision and kills Tybalt and later faces the consequence; being banished from Verona. In Addition, Shakespeare also uses the literary element of Characterization in Romeo and Juliet. After Tybalt dies, Capulet feels that he has the responsibility to lift the spirits of his family. He quickly arranges to have Juliet to marry Paris, a man whom she does not wish to marry. When Capulet does this, he follows his own feelings and doesn’t reason with Juliet. After his actions, Capulet is looked upon as harsh, ridiculous and insensitive. Additionally, when Romeo kills himself on impulse,  characterization is used. As soon as Romeo sees that Juliet, the woman that he is deeply in love with, he feels that he cannot live with out her and commits suicide. As a reader, I thought that he could have gone on with out her but he kills himself anyways. Romeo is looked characterized as immature, irrational, and impractical. Conflict is also an effect of characters acting based on feeling, not reason in the story Of Mice and Men. For example, although Lennie is not the brightest bulb in the box, he should have had enough reasoning skills and know not to touch a woman’s skirt. However, his feeling of desire and attraction to touch the red skirt causes the woman to tell the police on Lennie and Lennie and George are â€Å"run outta weed†. After they are run out, they face having to move to a new ranch, and hopefully having no one find out the real reason why they left weed. Another example of a conflict is Curley’s wife. She has an internal conflict. She wanted to feel happy and content with her life and she rushed into the marriage with Curley. In the end, she was unhappy and lonely because she was often times left alone all day while Curley worked or at night when the men went into town. The literary element of characterization is also used in Of Mice and Men. For example, when Lennie is run out of weed, George decides to go with him because he really cares about Lennie. He disregarded anything that he had in Weed and left. In this case, it is good that George followed what his feeling said because Lennie would have not been able to survive with out the help of George. As the bond between Lennie and George strengthens, George is characterized as accepting and tolerant. George also acts on feeling when he decides to kill Lennie himself. George does not want to put Lennie through the pain of dealing with Curley. George cares so much for Lennie that he puts him out of his misery right away instead of taking the risk of trying run away or move on to a new ranch with Lennie. George is looked upon as mature and understanding after his actions. In conclusion, in literature, characters are driven by the power of emotion, not reason. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, many characters are shown as following their emotions  instead of reason. Sometimes the outcome was good, and other times, the outcome was not so good. In my opinion, when characters follow their emotions and do not reason, the author is trying to show the reader the good and bad consequences that can occur if there is no reason behind the actions that we make. Bibliography: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare- the book/playwrightOf mice and Men by John Steinbeck- the novellawww.sparknotes.com

Same-Sex Marriage Essay - 1186 Words

Forty-two years ago, the United States Supreme Court unanimously voted against the laws of Virginia that banned interracial marriage, officially ending years of oppression towards couples of different races (Loving). Yet today, decades after the civil rights movement, another form of subjugation is plaguing America. This subjugation is of the homosexual community, as most states ban same-sex marriage and refuse to even recognise it. Opponents of same-sex marriage state several reasons as to why it should not be permitted, however, these arguments often prove to be based on opinion and personal faith rather than reason and legality. The supposedly valid reasons others give to argue against same-sex marriage are mal-informed, and, in fact,†¦show more content†¦Bestiality would not only increases the risk of spreading as well as receiving infections or illnesses (Alice), but also would allow the sexual abuse of uncompliant animals. Pedophilia would allow the sexual abuse of chi ldren who, whether uncompliant or otherwise, would be unaware of the implications of marriage to an adult. Same-sex marriage would not result in any of these possibilities, as it would allow only the marriage of two adults, consenting in marriage and its implied practices. Another positition taken on the same-sex marriage debate is that the Bible prohibits the marriage between two men or two women. There are two disputes to this allegation. The first is made mostly by Christians, those of whom support same-sex marriage or are themselves homosexual. Biblical scripture, they say, never specifically condemns same-sex marriage. This is important because when a commandment or injunction occurs in the Bible it is stated explicitly.... Admittedly, this argument is faulty at best, because it mainly questions the wording of scripture, not its intent. However, the second possible argument against the Biblical defense is not so insubstantial. 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Government-backed same-sex marriage would encourage and normalize homosexual behaviorRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage 962 Words   |  4 Pagescaucasian because of laws passing interracial marriages around the 20th century due to Loving V. Virginia (Melina Patria). By the 1960s, the women’s rights movement was in full motion switching male and female roles drastically(Human right’s watch). The home may have no longer been spacious and big with the stock market crash of 1929(First Member Century). Its 2013 and there may be another possible alteration; same sex marriage. Even though same sex marriage may be a sensitive issue with people, as aRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1152 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† Submitted by: Ellicia Jiona Candelaria Submitted to: Mrs. Joan Bataclan ABSTRACT Biological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† This study describes the advantages and also the disadvantages of couples of the same sex being married. 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